Christa Ludwig, 1928-2021: a selective tribute

I only saw Christa Ludwig twice live in concert, but those appearances epitomise her incredible dramatic and vocal rage as well as her peerless artistry in everything she did. The first event was Schubert’s Winterreise with pianist Charles Spencer at the Southbank Centre, at a time when it was less common for women to take on the role of the heavy-hearted wayfarer: the intensity still resonates.

What it must have been like to see her as an operatic heroine I can only imagine. In my Opera in Depth Zoom classes on Beethoven’s Fidelio and its very different original version, Leonore, I searched high and low for the best performance of the brave wife’s big aria. "Abscheulicher…Komm, Hoffnung’" So many singers embodied the ideal in different aspects of this fiendishly demanding highlight -  we heard various examples before putting it all together – but only Ludwig, in this excerpt from a complete stage performance filmed at the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1963, had it all. A mezzo soprano with a top range more brilliant than many sopranos – much like Janet Baker – she is fearless in the higher passages. But she also embodies the emotions with the focus and economy that every singer can learn from, and the conductor, Arthur Rother, gives her just enough space to express the most intense feelings. As Ian Page, director of The Mozartists who was visiting us to shed light on the score, observed, “it’s lovely to see that level of confidence in a singer. All directors should be made to watch this”.

Ludwig’s relationship with conductors tended to be on an equal footing. YouTube viewers seem surprised at her challenging Bernstein on a tempo in Mahler’s Das Lied von der Erde (The Song of the Earth). But those two had a fine relationship, never more exuberant then when as pianist he partnered her in Brahms’s Zigeunerlieder and other great songs by the master. Note from the cover that the singer probably had to inhale Lenny's cigarette smoke during recoding sessions (all too common back then). Here, in "Braune Bursche", the young lad and his blue-eyed girl in this fifth of the “Gypsy Songs” whirl and strut to the sounds of a Czardas.

Ludwig was as peerless in Lieder as on the operatic stage. If one had to choose a single track to epitomise her art and say goodbye in the most moving possible way, it would have to be the half-hour “Abscheid” (farewell) of Mahler’s symphonic song-cycle Das Lied von der Erde. This music is too profoundly great to be limited to one interpreter, but the recording in question, with tenor Fritz Wunderlich and Otto Klemperer conducting the Philharmonia Orchestra is often cited as a golden mean. And the trajectory of the song – the sadness of loss transcended by the beauty of the world – must reflect how we feel about a supreme artist who lived a rich and full life, leaving behind a legacy to sustain us for months and years.

• Opera reviews on theartsdesk